{
  "title": "robotaxistats",
  "as_of": "Oct 22, 2026",
  "last_updated": "2026-10-22T23:47-04:00",
  "summary": "Passenger robotaxi fleets, cities, and miles in the U.S., from state records and company reports only, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
  "companies": [
    {
      "id": "tesla",
      "name": "Tesla",
      "kind": "Robotaxi",
      "summary": "Tesla Robotaxi registrations, cities, and driverless miles from state records and Tesla's own report. Miles as of Oct 18, 2026; other figures as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "858",
          "label": "Registered in Texas",
          "detail": "+379 in 30 days",
          "chip": "▲ +379 in 30 days",
          "hero": true,
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Texas DMV registry, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "value": "7 + 4",
          "label": "Cities live + coming",
          "detail": "6 driverless, 1 supervised",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Tesla Robotaxi site, as of Oct 21"
        },
        {
          "value": "3.1M",
          "label": "Driverless miles",
          "detail": "Jan 22–Oct 18",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, through Oct 18"
        },
        {
          "value": "0",
          "label": "People injured",
          "detail": "SGO-reported collisions, driverless only",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, through Oct 18; collisions as reported under the NHTSA SGO"
        }
      ],
      "callout": {
        "lead": "Registered is not operating.",
        "text": "The Texas DMV registry counts vehicles authorized to operate, not cars giving rides at any moment."
      },
      "line": {
        "title": "Texas registry growth",
        "dates": [
          "Jun 9",
          "Jun 27",
          "Jul 2",
          "Jul 15",
          "Jul 30",
          "Aug 26",
          "Aug 30",
          "Sep 3",
          "Sep 20",
          "Sep 25",
          "Oct 2",
          "Oct 9",
          "Oct 15",
          "Oct 17",
          "Oct 22"
        ],
        "values": [
          69,
          84,
          102,
          175,
          181,
          191,
          269,
          420,
          448,
          546,
          589,
          739,
          769,
          803,
          858
        ],
        "last60_start_index": 6,
        "ceiling": 900,
        "floor": 0,
        "unit": "vehicles",
        "source": "Texas DMV registry, Jun 9–Oct 22"
      },
      "fleet_bars": {
        "title": "Texas registry by model",
        "bars": [
          {
            "label": "Texas registry, total",
            "value": 858,
            "display": "858"
          },
          {
            "label": "Model Y",
            "value": 507,
            "display": "507"
          },
          {
            "label": "Cybercab",
            "value": 351,
            "display": "351"
          }
        ],
        "emphasis": 0,
        "source": "Texas DMV registry, as of Oct 22"
      },
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Texas mix",
          "value": "507 Model Y · 351 Cybercab",
          "source": "Texas DMV registry, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Largest single jump",
          "value": "+150 Cybercabs on Oct 9",
          "source": "Texas DMV registry, Oct 9"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas since Jun 9",
          "value": "69 → 858",
          "source": "Texas DMV registry, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona",
          "value": "TNC permit held by Tesla Robotaxi LLC",
          "source": "ADOT valid TNC permit list, as of Oct 19"
        },
        {
          "label": "California",
          "value": "Testing permit with safety driver; no driverless permit",
          "source": "CA DMV AV permit holders list"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All",
        "Texas",
        "Florida",
        "California",
        "Coming soon"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "Austin, TX",
          "group": "Texas",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y + Cybercab",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "2,118,015",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Dallas, TX",
          "group": "Texas",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y; Cybercab due Nov",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "608,130",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Houston, TX",
          "group": "Texas",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "225,964",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Miami, FL",
          "group": "Florida",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y · since Jul 3",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "46,262",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Orlando, FL",
          "group": "Florida",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y · since Jul 21",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "61,053",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Tampa, FL",
          "group": "Florida",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Unsupervised Model Y · since Jul 21",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "53,117",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "San Francisco Bay Area, CA",
          "group": "California",
          "status": "Supervised",
          "mode": "Model Y with safety driver",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "Not reported",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Las Vegas, NV",
          "group": "Coming soon",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "No date announced",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Phoenix, AZ",
          "group": "Coming soon",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "No date announced; AZ TNC permit held",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "San Antonio, TX",
          "group": "Coming soon",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "No date announced",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "In TX statewide registry",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": ""
        },
        {
          "city": "Jacksonville, FL",
          "group": "Coming soon",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "Listed coming soon Oct 21",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": ""
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "Miles: Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, Jan 22–Oct 18. Tesla publishes no per-city fleet or service-area figures, so those show —; Texas fleet is the statewide DMV registry only.",
      "cols": {
        "title": "Driverless miles by condition",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "After dark",
            "value": 862,
            "display": "862K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Rush hour",
            "value": 575,
            "display": "575K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Rain (min.)",
            "value": 113,
            "display": "113K"
          }
        ],
        "emphasis": 0,
        "unit": "K mi",
        "source": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, through Oct 18"
      },
      "bars": {
        "title": "Driverless miles by city",
        "bars": [
          {
            "label": "Austin",
            "value": 2118015,
            "display": "2.12M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Dallas",
            "value": 608130,
            "display": "608K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Houston",
            "value": 225964,
            "display": "226K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Orlando",
            "value": 61053,
            "display": "61K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Tampa",
            "value": 53117,
            "display": "53K"
          },
          {
            "label": "Miami",
            "value": 46262,
            "display": "46K"
          }
        ],
        "emphasis": 0,
        "source": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, through Oct 18"
      },
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [
        {
          "title": "How many Cybercabs are in Texas?",
          "detail": "349 on Oct 19 and 351 on Oct 22 in the Texas DMV registry. State records spell the model two ways (321 + 30), which can make the total look split.",
          "range": "349–351",
          "source": "Texas DMV registry, Oct 19–22"
        },
        {
          "title": "How many driverless miles?",
          "detail": "3.1M is the reported total through Oct 18; Tesla's live counter, an estimate at the fleet's current pace, read above 3.3M.",
          "range": "3.1M–3.3M+",
          "source": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report, Oct 21"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "Oct 22, 2026",
          "event": "Texas registry hits 858 (+45 in a day)"
        },
        {
          "date": "Oct 21, 2026",
          "event": "Q3 call: Cybercab rides in Dallas next month, fleet sales by year-end, hours to 2 a.m."
        },
        {
          "date": "Oct 21, 2026",
          "event": "First safety report: 3.1M driverless miles; Las Vegas, Phoenix, San Antonio, Jacksonville coming soon"
        },
        {
          "date": "Oct 9, 2026",
          "event": "+150 Cybercabs registered in Texas"
        },
        {
          "date": "Sep 3, 2026",
          "event": "Cybercab launch event in Austin; +106 registrations"
        },
        {
          "date": "Aug 31, 2026",
          "event": "Austin service area expanded"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jul 21, 2026",
          "event": "Orlando and Tampa launch; Bay Area expands"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jul 3, 2026",
          "event": "Miami launch"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jun 3, 2026",
          "event": "Unsupervised across the whole Austin metro"
        },
        {
          "date": "Apr 18, 2026",
          "event": "Unsupervised rides in Dallas and Houston"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jan 22, 2026",
          "event": "Austin rides without in-car safety monitor begin"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jun 22, 2025",
          "event": "First paid Robotaxi service, Austin"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Texas DMV automated motor vehicle registry",
          "url": "https://txmccs.txdmv.gov/"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tesla Robotaxi Safety Report",
          "url": "https://www.tesla.com/robotaxi/safety"
        },
        {
          "label": "ADOT valid TNC permits",
          "url": "https://apps.azdot.gov/files/mvd/vehicle-for-hire/vfh-valid-permits-tnc.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "CA DMV AV permit holders",
          "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-industry-services/autonomous-vehicles/autonomous-vehicle-testing-permit-holders/"
        },
        {
          "label": "NHTSA Standing General Order on Crash Reporting",
          "url": "https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/standing-general-order-crash-reporting"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "waymo",
      "name": "Waymo",
      "kind": "Robotaxi",
      "summary": "Waymo cities, rides, and miles from Waymo's own posts, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "500K+",
          "label": "Paid rides per week",
          "detail": "Announced Mar 26, 2026",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Waymo, Mar 26–31, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "13 + 2",
          "label": "Cities in Waymo app + via Uber",
          "detail": "Austin and Atlanta on Uber",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "value": "200M+",
          "label": "Fully autonomous miles",
          "detail": "Public roads, cumulative",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "US fleet",
          "detail": "Not published by Waymo",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "—"
        }
      ],
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Vehicles",
          "value": "Jaguar I-PACE (5th-gen Driver); Ojai (6th-gen) in Phoenix, LA, SF",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Airports",
          "value": "BNA (Oct 13); SAT open to all (Oct 14); LAS (Oct 21)",
          "source": "Waymo Help announcements"
        },
        {
          "label": "Open to all, Oct 14",
          "value": "Tampa, San Diego, San Antonio",
          "source": "Waymo Help announcements"
        },
        {
          "label": "Fleet (last stated by Waymo)",
          "value": "1,500+ vehicles, May 5, 2025",
          "source": "Waymo blog, May 5, 2025"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All",
        "Waymo app",
        "Via Uber"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "Phoenix, AZ",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Francisco Bay Area, CA",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Los Angeles, CA",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Miami, FL",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Orlando, FL",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Tampa, FL",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Dallas, TX",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Houston, TX",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Antonio, TX",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Diego, CA",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Denver, CO",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Nashville, TN",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Waymo app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Las Vegas, NV",
          "group": "Waymo app",
          "status": "Rolling out",
          "mode": "Driverless, riders added gradually",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Austin, TX",
          "group": "Via Uber",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Uber app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "city": "Atlanta, GA",
          "group": "Via Uber",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Driverless, Uber app",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22"
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "Cities: Waymo FAQ, as of Oct 22. Waymo does not publish per-city fleet, area in sq mi, or miles, so those show —.",
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "Oct 21, 2026",
          "event": "Harry Reid International Airport (LAS) pickups begin, limited riders"
        },
        {
          "date": "Oct 14, 2026",
          "event": "Tampa, San Diego, San Antonio open to everyone"
        },
        {
          "date": "Oct 13, 2026",
          "event": "Nashville airport (BNA) pickups begin"
        },
        {
          "date": "Sep 14, 2026",
          "event": "Las Vegas: riders added gradually"
        },
        {
          "date": "Sep 1, 2026",
          "event": "Denver, Tampa, San Diego: riders added gradually"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jun 10, 2026",
          "event": "First riders in the Ojai vehicle"
        },
        {
          "date": "Mar 26, 2026",
          "event": "500,000 paid rides per week announced"
        },
        {
          "date": "Feb 2, 2026",
          "event": "400,000+ rides per week; 15M rides in 2025, 20M+ lifetime (Waymo blog)"
        },
        {
          "date": "Dec 10, 2025",
          "event": "2025 review: 1M+ rides per month since spring; 14M+ trips in 2025 so far (Waymo blog)"
        },
        {
          "date": "May 5, 2025",
          "event": "250,000+ paid trips per week; fleet of 1,500+ vehicles (Waymo blog)"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Waymo FAQ",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/faq/"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo Help announcements",
          "url": "https://support.google.com/waymo/announcements/12766613?hl=en"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo blog, Mar 31, 2026",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/blog/shorts/waymo-recently-hosted-an-event-in-tokyo-to-share-more-about-our-autonomous/"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo Safety Impact data hub",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/safety/impact/"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo Safety Impact release notes, Oct 2, 2026",
          "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/waymo-uploads/files/documents/safety/safety-impact-data/Waymo_Safety_Impact_Data_Hub_Release_Notes_20261002.pdf"
        },
        {
          "label": "CPUC AV quarterly reporting",
          "url": "https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/regulatory-services/licensing/transportation-licensing-and-analysis-branch/autonomous-vehicle-programs/quarterly-reporting"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo blog, May 5, 2025",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/blog/2025/05/scaling-our-fleet-through-us-manufacturing"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo blog, Dec 10, 2025",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/blog/2025/12/2025-year-in-review"
        },
        {
          "label": "Waymo blog, Feb 2, 2026",
          "url": "https://waymo.com/blog/2026/02/waymo-raises-usd16-billion-investment-round"
        }
      ],
      "line": {
        "title": "Rider-only miles, cumulative (millions)",
        "dates": [
          "Jun 2024",
          "Jul 2024",
          "Sep 2024",
          "Dec 2024",
          "Mar 2025",
          "Jun 2025",
          "Sep 2025",
          "Dec 2025",
          "Mar 2026",
          "Jun 2026"
        ],
        "values": [
          22.2,
          25.3,
          33.1,
          50.1,
          71.6,
          96.0,
          127.2,
          170.7,
          220.6,
          271.3
        ],
        "last60_start_index": 5,
        "range_labels": [
          "Since Jun 2024",
          "Last 12 months"
        ],
        "ceiling": 300,
        "floor": 0,
        "unit": "M mi",
        "source": "Waymo Safety Impact data hub, CSV1 per release, Jun 2024 to Jun 2026. Pre-Dec 2025 totals are sums of that release's location rows; locations covered vary by release."
      },
      "cols": {
        "title": "California driverless trips by quarter",
        "points": [
          {
            "label": "Q1 '25",
            "value": 1818206,
            "display": "1.82M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Q2 '25",
            "value": 2234912,
            "display": "2.23M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Q3 '25",
            "value": 2676001,
            "display": "2.68M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Q4 '25",
            "value": 3748532,
            "display": "3.75M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Q1 '26",
            "value": 3905934,
            "display": "3.91M"
          },
          {
            "label": "Q2 '26",
            "value": 4220075,
            "display": "4.22M"
          }
        ],
        "emphasis": 5,
        "unit": "trips",
        "source": "CPUC quarterly AV reports, Waymo driverless deployment, Q1 2025 to Q2 2026 (filed through Aug 3, 2026). Sum of monthly TotalTrips."
      },
      "cols_more": [
        {
          "title": "California driverless miles by quarter",
          "points": [
            {
              "label": "Q1 '25",
              "value": 11233601,
              "display": "11.2M"
            },
            {
              "label": "Q2 '25",
              "value": 13687743,
              "display": "13.7M"
            },
            {
              "label": "Q3 '25",
              "value": 17015323,
              "display": "17.0M"
            },
            {
              "label": "Q4 '25",
              "value": 24736248,
              "display": "24.7M"
            },
            {
              "label": "Q1 '26",
              "value": 26389567,
              "display": "26.4M"
            },
            {
              "label": "Q2 '26",
              "value": 28143285,
              "display": "28.1M"
            }
          ],
          "emphasis": 5,
          "unit": "mi",
          "source": "CPUC quarterly AV reports, Waymo driverless deployment, Q1 2025 to Q2 2026 (filed through Aug 3, 2026). Sum of monthly VMT, all three periods (includes empty miles)."
        }
      ],
      "bars": {
        "title": "Paid rides per week, as announced",
        "bars": [
          {
            "label": "Mar 26, 2026",
            "value": 500000,
            "display": "500K+"
          },
          {
            "label": "Feb 2, 2026",
            "value": 400000,
            "display": "400K+"
          },
          {
            "label": "May 5, 2025",
            "value": 250000,
            "display": "250K+"
          }
        ],
        "emphasis": 0,
        "source": "Waymo blog/posts, May 5, 2025; Feb 2, 2026; Mar 26, 2026"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "zoox",
      "name": "Zoox",
      "kind": "Robotaxi",
      "summary": "Zoox purpose-built robotaxi cities and ride totals from Zoox's own posts, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "2 + 2",
          "label": "Cities live + early riders",
          "detail": "Public: Las Vegas, SF; employees: Austin, Miami",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Zoox Where to Ride, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "value": "350K+",
          "label": "Riders carried",
          "detail": "Since Las Vegas launch",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "~2M",
          "label": "Autonomous robotaxi miles",
          "detail": "“Nearly two million”",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "Fleet",
          "detail": "Not published by Zoox",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "—"
        }
      ],
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Vehicle",
          "value": "Purpose-built robotaxi, no steering wheel",
          "source": "Zoox"
        },
        {
          "label": "Las Vegas",
          "value": "Public service since Sep 2025; most major Strip hotels and the Convention Center",
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "San Francisco",
          "value": "Zoox Explorers from waitlist; area quadrupled spring 2026",
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All",
        "Live",
        "Early riders"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "Las Vegas, NV",
          "group": "Live",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Public ride-hail, purpose-built robotaxi",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Zoox"
        },
        {
          "city": "San Francisco, CA",
          "group": "Live",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Zoox Explorers (waitlist)",
          "area": "Eastern half incl. Marina, North Beach, Embarcadero",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026"
        },
        {
          "city": "Austin, TX",
          "group": "Early riders",
          "status": "Testing",
          "mode": "Employees, family, friends · since Mar 25",
          "area": "Downtown, Sixth St, Rainey, Riverside",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Mar 25, 2026"
        },
        {
          "city": "Miami, FL",
          "group": "Early riders",
          "status": "Testing",
          "mode": "Employees, family, friends · since Apr 23",
          "area": "Edgewater, Beverly Terrace",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Zoox Journal, Apr 23, 2026"
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "Zoox publishes neighborhoods rather than sq mi, and no per-city fleet or miles.",
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "Apr 23, 2026",
          "event": "Robotaxi on Miami streets, employee rides"
        },
        {
          "date": "Mar 25, 2026",
          "event": "Robotaxi on Austin streets, employee rides"
        },
        {
          "date": "Mar 23, 2026",
          "event": "350K+ riders, ~2M miles; SF area to quadruple"
        },
        {
          "date": "Sep 2025",
          "event": "Public service launches in Las Vegas"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Zoox Where to Ride",
          "url": "https://zoox.com/where-to-ride"
        },
        {
          "label": "Zoox Journal, Mar 23, 2026",
          "url": "https://zoox.com/journal/zoox-service-updates-and-expansions"
        },
        {
          "label": "Zoox Journal, Austin",
          "url": "https://zoox.com/journal/zoox-robotaxi-is-now-in-austin"
        },
        {
          "label": "Zoox Journal, Miami",
          "url": "https://zoox.com/journal/zoox-robotaxi-in-miami"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "may",
      "name": "May Mobility",
      "kind": "Robotaxi / shuttle",
      "summary": "May Mobility deployments and ride totals from May Mobility and Lyft posts, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "3 + 1",
          "label": "US locations live + coming",
          "detail": "Atlanta, Eden Prairie, Grand Rapids; Arlington next",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "550K+",
          "label": "Commercial rides",
          "detail": "US and Japan, cumulative",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "1.1M",
          "label": "Miles",
          "detail": "US and Japan, cumulative",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "Fleet",
          "detail": "Not published",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "—"
        }
      ],
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Vehicle",
          "value": "Toyota Sienna Autono-MaaS (hybrid)",
          "source": "May Mobility"
        },
        {
          "label": "Atlanta",
          "value": "On Lyft; trained standby operator at the wheel",
          "source": "Lyft, as of Oct 22"
        },
        {
          "label": "Driver-out",
          "value": "Three driver-out deployments to date",
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All",
        "Live",
        "Coming soon"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "Atlanta, GA",
          "group": "Live",
          "status": "Supervised",
          "mode": "Lyft; standby operator · Midtown, Virginia-Highland, Old Fourth Ward, Inman Park",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "May Mobility, Sep 10, 2025"
        },
        {
          "city": "Eden Prairie, MN",
          "group": "Live",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Autonomous ride service",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        },
        {
          "city": "Grand Rapids, MN",
          "group": "Live",
          "status": "Live",
          "mode": "Autonomous ride service",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        },
        {
          "city": "Arlington, TX",
          "group": "Coming soon",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "Uber; targeted Q4 2026 or Q1 2027, safety operators first",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "May Mobility release, Sep 2026"
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "May Mobility does not publish per-city fleet, sq mi, or miles.",
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "Sep 2026",
          "event": "550K+ rides, 1.1M miles; Arlington on Uber targeted Q4 2026–Q1 2027"
        },
        {
          "date": "Sep 10, 2025",
          "event": "Atlanta launch on Lyft"
        },
        {
          "date": "May 1, 2025",
          "event": "Uber partnership, Arlington named first city"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "May Mobility newsroom",
          "url": "https://maymobility.com/posts/may-mobility-first-publicly-listed-pure-play-autonomous-ride-hail-technology-company-acp-holdings-acquisition-corp"
        },
        {
          "label": "Lyft x May Mobility",
          "url": "https://www.lyft.com/autonomous/maymobility"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "avride",
      "name": "Avride",
      "kind": "Robotaxi",
      "summary": "Avride's Dallas robotaxi service on Uber, from Avride and Uber posts, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "1",
          "label": "City live",
          "detail": "Dallas, on Uber",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Avride blog, Sep 2, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "31 sq mi",
          "label": "Dallas service area",
          "detail": "Up from 9 sq mi at launch",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "Avride blog, Sep 2, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "100K+",
          "label": "Autonomous rides on Uber",
          "detail": "Dallas, cumulative",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "Avride blog, Sep 2, 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "Fleet",
          "detail": "Not published",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "—"
        }
      ],
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Vehicle",
          "value": "Hyundai Ioniq 5, up to 3 riders",
          "source": "Uber Avride page"
        },
        {
          "label": "Driver seat",
          "value": "Onboard specialist behind the wheel; driverless planned",
          "source": "Uber Avride page, as of Oct 22"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "Dallas, TX",
          "group": "All",
          "status": "Supervised",
          "mode": "Uber; specialist behind the wheel · Central Dallas north of the Trinity",
          "area": "31 sq mi",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Avride blog, Sep 2, 2026"
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "Avride does not publish fleet or miles.",
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "Sep 2, 2026",
          "event": "Dallas area grows to 31 sq mi after 100K+ rides"
        },
        {
          "date": "Dec 3, 2025",
          "event": "Launch on Uber in Dallas, 9 sq mi"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Avride blog, Sep 2, 2026",
          "url": "https://medium.com/avride/avride-expands-dallas-robotaxi-footprint-on-uber-4593544f0834"
        },
        {
          "label": "Uber Avride Dallas page",
          "url": "https://www.uber.com/us/en/r/autonomous/dallas-tx-us/"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "nuro",
      "name": "Nuro",
      "kind": "Robotaxi (with Lucid, Uber)",
      "summary": "Nuro-driven Lucid Gravity robotaxi for Uber, from Nuro and Uber releases, as of Oct 22, 2026.",
      "kpis": [
        {
          "value": "0 + 2",
          "label": "Cities live + coming",
          "detail": "Bay Area 2026, Houston 2027",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "Nuro and Uber releases"
        },
        {
          "value": "Testing",
          "label": "Bay Area status",
          "detail": "Supervised on-road testing since Dec 2025",
          "color": 1,
          "source": "Uber release, Jan 2026"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "Rides",
          "detail": "No public service yet",
          "color": 2,
          "source": "—"
        },
        {
          "value": "—",
          "label": "Fleet",
          "detail": "Not published",
          "color": 0,
          "source": "—"
        }
      ],
      "facts": [
        {
          "label": "Vehicle",
          "value": "Lucid Gravity with Nuro Driver",
          "source": "Nuro"
        },
        {
          "label": "California permit",
          "value": "CPUC permit for drivered robotaxi passenger testing",
          "source": "Nuro blog, May 2026"
        }
      ],
      "city_groups": [
        "All"
      ],
      "cities": [
        {
          "city": "San Francisco Bay Area, CA",
          "group": "All",
          "status": "Testing",
          "mode": "Supervised testing; launch expected 2026",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Nuro / Uber"
        },
        {
          "city": "Houston, TX",
          "group": "All",
          "status": "Coming soon",
          "mode": "Planned 2027",
          "area": "—",
          "fleet": "—",
          "miles": "—",
          "source": "Uber release, 2026"
        }
      ],
      "cities_note": "No per-city fleet, area, or miles published.",
      "variance_intro": "Where primary figures differ, we show the range.",
      "variance": [],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "date": "May 2026",
          "event": "CPUC permit for drivered passenger testing"
        },
        {
          "date": "Jan 2026",
          "event": "Vehicle unveiled at CES; on-road testing announced"
        },
        {
          "date": "Dec 2025",
          "event": "Supervised testing begins in Bay Area"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Nuro-Lucid-Uber robotaxi",
          "url": "https://www.nuro.ai/nuro-lucid-uber-robotaxi"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nuro CPUC permit post",
          "url": "https://www.nuro.ai/blog/nuro-secures-cpuc-permit-for-testing-robotaxi-passenger-service-in-california"
        },
        {
          "label": "Uber: Houston 2027",
          "url": "https://investor.uber.com/news-events/news/press-release-details/2026/Uber-Nuro-and-Lucid-to-Bring-Robotaxi-Service-to-Houston-in-2027/default.aspx"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}